The catalytic converter, which is located between the engine and the muffler, filters harmful gasses in the exhaust, such as nitrogen oxide, into relatively harmless gasses such as CO2 and water vapor. (Ironically, CO2 is now considered a harmful gas as it contributes to climate change.) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency first mandated catalytic converters in 1975 as a way to reduce atmospheric pollution.
Things That Can Go Wrong With a Catalytic Converter
In a properly maintained vehicle, a catalytic converter should last as long as 10 years before it needs to be replaced. However, the catalytic converter can be damaged by other problems with the vehicle that introduce contaminants. These contaminants include:
- Coolant, which can leak into the exhaust system if the vehicle has a faulty engine head gasket.
- Engine oil, for a variety of reasons, including clogged valves, blown head gasket, and cracked engine block or cylinder head,
- Unburnt engine gas, caused by a misfiring spark plug or a leaking exhaust valve.
Signs of a Failing Catalytic Converter
If your vehicle is doing any of the following things, or a combination of them, your catalytic converter may be failing:
- The engine has started to behave sluggishly.
- The tailpipe is emitting black or otherwise dark smoke.
- The vehicle is suffering from reduced acceleration.
- The smell of rotten eggs or sulfur is coming out of the tailpipe.
- The underside of the vehicle is starting to overheat.
The Importance of Scheduled Maintenance
Since problems with a vehicle’s combustion and emissions system can lead to catalytic converter failure, you should take your vehicle in for scheduled maintenance according to what’s set out in your vehicle manual. A trained technician can often spot small problems before they become big problems so that they can be fixed at a reduced cost.
Because some of the metals in a catalytic converter, such as platinum and palladium, are expensive, the cost of replacing this component can be $1,000 or more. If you maintain your vehicle, that expense can be delayed as long as possible.
Catalytic Converter Theft
Catalytic converter theft has become common in the United States. Thieves steal the pollution control devices because of the precious metals they are made of.
You can tell that you have been the victim of catalytic converter theft if, when you start your vehicle, the engine runs louder than usual, and the tailpipe emits dark exhaust. In such an event, you should report the theft to the appropriate law enforcement agency and have your vehicle towed to the nearest auto repair garage.